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Patented Aug. 24, 1943 STATES GOOSITION F MATTER STEPS OF SAME :r AN sine ran No Drawing. Application May 17, 1940, Serial No. 335,766

8 Claims. (01. 260-18) of all or part of the drying oils used in the above Th present invention relates to compositions of matter made of hydrocarbon ether of cashewnut shell liquid (and of related phenols) and non-drying glyceride oils, and the present invention relates to methods and steps of making and using the products of the present invention.

An object of the present invention is to use non-drying glyceride oils in compositions such as varnishes and other coating compositions, impregnating compositions, laminating compositions for general use such as protective coatings, binders, electrical insulation, moisture and chemical resistant coatings and for use generally.

A further and more specific object of the pres ent invention is to provide a varnished fabric electrical insulation which is flexible, has a high dielectric value, a low power factor, is strong and flexible and has a long life in these qualities.

A further object of the present invention is'to provide a varnished fabric pump diaphragm adapted to resist solvents such as gasolin and other petroleum hydrocarbons suitable for use on internal combustion engines.

Other objects and advantages will be apparent from the following disclosure of the present invention.

The hydrocarbon ethers of cashew nut shell liquid and of cardanol are obtainable on the market. Methods of making ethers of cardanol are described in U. S. Patent Number 2,181,119, issued November 28, 1939 to which reference is hereby made. And these methods are suitable for making ethers of cashew nut shell liquid.

For purposes of the present invention hydrocarbon ethers of cashew nut shell liquid (or of cardanol) are heated in the absence of oxygen or air, as, for example, by the exclusion of air with an atmosphere of carbon dioxide until a thickening occurs. Illustrative examples of non drying glyceride oils and of hydrocarbon ethers of cashew nut shell liquid (or of' cardanol) together with illustrative examples of times and temperatures for heating said ethers for the bodying thereof are given below with the following illustrative examples of methods and steps and products of the present invention.

The present application is a continuation-inpart of my application Ser. No. 130,100, filed March 10, 1937 which latter is a continuation-inpart of my copending applications Ser. No. 286,- 592 filed July 26, 1939, which has been issued as Patent 2,264,409, December 2, 1941 and Ser. No. 293,204, filed Sept. 2, 1939 and is a departure therefrom in the use of non-drying oils in place identified previou applications.

Example A.--About two thousand pounds of the primary amyl ether of cashew nut shell liquid is heated up. to about 600 F. and the temperature maintained between about 575 F. and 600 F. for about six hours, during which heating a stream of carbon dioxide gas is bubbled through the said amyl ether of cashew nut shell liquid to prevent contact of air therewith.

The length of time during which the temperature is held'between about 575 F. and about 600 F. can be varied to suit the consistency or body desired in the bodied cashew nut shell liquid ether, and this length of. time can be, for example, from about five hours to about eight hours. And other ethers of .cashew nut shell liquid can be treated in the same way as the amyl ethers to suit various needs, for example, the primary, secondary and tertiary alkyl ethers of cashew nut shell liquid in which the alkyl group has from two to ten carbon atoms, for more particular example, the methyl, ethyl, propyl, butyl or hexyl ethers of cashew nut shell liquid.

Example 1.-About two hundred pounds of the cashew nut shell liquid amyl ether of Example A and two hundred pounds of a. commercial grade of crude cotton seed oil are brought up to a temperature of about 600 F. and held at about this temperature for about forty-five minutes, to obtain a body in said ethers, after which, and at about 600 F., about one hundred pounds of gilsonite are added. The addition of the gilsonite will lower the temperature and it is brought back up to about 600 F. and held there until the gilsonite is completely dissolved in the said bodied cashew amyl ether. The temperature is then allowed to drop to about 350 F. at which point 20 gallons of a, petroleum thinner such as kerosene, and about twelve pounds of lead Soligen" drier and four pounds of manganese Soligen driers are added and thoroughly mixed in.

For certain uses, such as in making varnished cambric for electrical insulation, about twentyfive pounds of a wax, such as Ceresin wax or paraffin wax, can be added at the same time as the kerosene, to obtain a grease coating on the varnished cambric to facilitate the winding of tape made therefrom. A varnish cambric made with this varnish has good flexibility, a good hardness, low power factor with a good length of life at an elevated temperature.

Ezample. 2.--About two hundred pounds each of cashew amyl ether (or cashew ethyl ether, for

example) and cottonseed oil are heated together,

.oil, soyabean oil,-coconut oil, sunflower seed oil,

poppy seed oil and walnut oil. Above, kukui oil is the oil obtained from the seed or nut of the tree Aleurites moluccana, kukui being the name used in the Hawaiian Islands for this tree.

The products of the above examples and the .variations described below without the use of gilsonite can be used without the thinner (e. g. kerosene) and applied to cambric or other fabric or other surface with a doctor blade, or knife or roller coater because a film of any of them can be set or dried at a comparatively low temperalent glyceride oils having iodine values near or between the upper and lower iodine values of those oils cited in the General example.

ture, that is, at about 150 C., whereby an even coating, free of runs or gatherings, can be obtained without the use of the solvent thinner (e. g. kerosene).

Also the products of the above Examples 1 and 2 and the General example can be used without the gilsonite, the method being substantially the same, except for the omission of the gilsonlte and the step of melting it in. The heating can be varied to obtain a body which suits the particular use in which the varnish or varnish base is to be employed. Also, in Examplel and the General example the heating can be varied from about forty-five minutes to about four hours and in Example 2 from about two and one-half to about eight hours, for example. In Example A the heatingcan be varied from about four to about eight hours.

Above, the kukui, corn, soyabean and walnut oils are all designated as non-drying oils but some of them are consideredby some authorities as semi-drying oils. Designation is made here to distinguish them from the generally accepted 'drying oils such as linseed and China-wood oils. The claims are considered to cover equivaconsisting of non-drying and semi-drying glycer- I ide oils.

2. In the preparation of a baking varnish the step which comprises heating at about 600 F. with the substantial exclusion 01. air and until there is a, noticeable increase in viscosity a mix-v ture of an alkyl ether oi. cashew nut shell liquid and an oil selected from the group consisting of non-drying and semi-drying glyceride oils.

3. In the preparation of a baking varnish the step which comprises heating at about 600 F. until there is a noticeable increase in viscosity a mixture of a heat bodied alkyl ether of cashew nut shell liquid and cottonseed oil.

4. In the preparation of a baking varnish the step which comprises heating at about 600 F. with the substantial exclusion of air and until there is a noticeable increase in viscosity a mixture of an alkyl ether of cashew nut shell liquid and cottonseed oil.

5. A varnish base comprising a mixture, bodied at about 600 F., of a heat bodied alkyl ether of cashew nut shell liquid and an oil selected from the group consisting of non-drying and semidrying glyceride oils.

6. A varnish base comprising a mixture, bodied at about 600 F. with substantial exclusion of air,

of an alkyl ether of cashew nut shell liquid and an oil selected from the group consisting of nondrying and semi-drying glycerides.

7. A varnish base comprising a, mixture, bodied at about 600 F., of a heat bodied alkyl ether of cashew nut shell liquid and cottonseed oil.

8. A varnish base comprising a mixture, bodied at about 600. F. with substantial exclusion of air, of an alkyl ether of cashew nut shell liquid and cottonseed oil.

WILLIAM F. SCHAU'FELBERGER. 

